Is Dialysis A Expensive Treatment - 1786 Words

As this person waits, the more tempting the black market organs look to seek out. A person who is waiting for a kidney can wait up to 5 years for an organ, and in other states up to 10 years for a kidney from a deceased donor (Living Kidney Donor Network). As they wait for these organs, up to 80 percent of these patients are on kidney dialysis (Living kidney Donor Network). The longer a person waits on kidney dialysis the less likely the transplant will save their lives. The quicker they’re given a new kidney, their live expectancy will almost double than when they wait on dialysis (Living Kidney Donor Network). Dialysis is an extremely expensive treatment as is, the country would be saving money, paying a flat fee for an organ rather than waiting for an organ donation, while on dialysis for months or even years. In addition to, there would be more evaluations for both parties involved. For the donor, there would be evaluations ensuring that their organ can be donated and itâ €™s safe for the surgery to take place. For the recipient, it would ensure the organ would be a right fit, that the organ wouldn’t be prone to rejection, that they aren’t receiving a weak or infected organ. All of which isn’t guaranteed in the unregulated system in place now. The longer a person waits on kidney dialysis the less likely the effectiveness of a transplant. This may lead to an organ failing even if it is a successful transplant. It is also important to note that unlike the black market forShow MoreRelatedHwd Case Study1275 Words   |  6 Pagesand the costs of transportation to and from the HD facility. Additional costs associated with dialysis are physician fees, medications, laboratory and other diagnostic investigations and hospitalizations. Hospitalization costs contribute substantially to total expenditures for dialysis patients Room costs and in-patient dialysis costs account for nearly half of the cost of hospitalizations for dialysis patients. Some evidence suggests that hospitalization costs are lower for PD than for HD due toRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1417 Words   |  6 Pageskidney function and without treatment they face mortality. They require a treatment of dialysis to stay alive by removing waste from blood when the patient’s kidneys can no longer continue its normal functions. Dialysis is considered one of the most costly services for healthcare organizations due to its lifesaving nature. Patients require continuous treatments up to 3 times a week as they wait for a kidney transplant, while others are reliant on lifelong dialysis treatments due to their ineligibilityRead MoreOther Medications Case Study747 Words   |  3 Pagesbeneficial in the treatment and prevention of IDH and dialyzer membrane reactions (10 of 3). Other commonly employed drugs that can be used to potentially mitigate IDH include non-selective ÃŽ ±1/ÃŽ ²1 agonists including caffeine, ephedrine, phenylephrine and etilefrine. However, they are not routinely used owing to their unfavorable adverse effect profile that includes, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, and worsening of underlying coronary artery disease. b) Change to Other Modes of Dialysis Changing fromRead MoreHealth Care Services and Illegal Immigrants753 Words   |  3 Pagesflows from your body and into a machine to be filtered of toxins and returned, you wonder for the next three hours about how you will be able to get this procedure called dialysis two more this week in order to live. This is an example of what illegal immigrants with renal failure endure. On average, patients receiving dialysis are given a life expectancy of three to five years unless an organ transplant is received (**). Providing health care is a public good, a human right to receive care, notRead MoreResearch Study On Kidney Disease1433 Words   |  6 Pages15%. This does not end of your life. At stage 5, dialysis or kidney transplant is required to sustain life. (The Kidney Foundation of Canada, 2006) Table 1 The Five Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease as Defined by the National Kidney Foundation STAGE DESCRIPTION GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) 1 Kidney damage with normal or ↑ GFR ≠¥ 90 2 Kidney damage with mild ↓GFR 60 - 89 3 Moderate ↓ GFR 30 – 59 4 Severe ↓ GFR 15 – 29 5 Kidney failure 15 or dialysis GFR, glomerular filtration rate. From National KidneyRead MoreDialysis is a process by which excess waste and water is removed from the blood to maintain a800 Words   |  4 PagesDialysis is a process by which excess waste and water is removed from the blood to maintain a balanced proportion of contents/nutrients. Dialysis is done by using different dialysis machines which are usually very costly and sensitive. The duty to maintain a constant proportion of contents in the blood is usually done by kidneys but when they are not functioning properly the procedure of dialysis used. Therefore it is a very important and beneficial process for people whose kidneys are not functioningRead MoreDifferent Types Of Alternative Therapies869 Words   |  4 PagesThe medical world is the number one industry in the world. We, as a society, are reliant on medicine, surgeries, chemotherapy, and other treatments to help save us from whatever illnesses we are facing. We take a pill for something as little as a headache to taking pai nkillers to relieve the symptoms of lung cancer. Despite the scientific proof of medical treatments, alternative and complementary therapies on are the rise when it comes to the dying population. In this paper, I will go over the dyingRead MoreBenefits Of Organ Donation For Organs1670 Words   |  7 Pageswaiting time would greatly decrease and ultimately save the patient’s life and save the patient money. Fewer patients would require dialysis; therefore, the patient’s hospital bill would be sufficiently lower as dialysis is an expensive treatment (Becker and Elias 223). As organs fail and diminish, people are forced to pay thousands of dollars into medical treatments and dialysis. As time goes on and the patient’s waiting period extends, the bills begin to pile up and can force the patient into extremeRead MoreEssay about Organ Transplants for Prisoners1411 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice system’s view that death-row inmates deserve to die, they should b e given the same opportunity to extend their life as anyone else. â€Å"The United States Supreme Court has held since 1976 that prison inmates are entitled to the same medical treatment as the free public† (645). â€Å"When it comes to healthcare, ‘bad people’ are as equal as the rest of us† (646). When someone is sentenced to execution it is decided by the criminal justice system, not the medical community. The justice system viewsRead MoreWalgreens Pharmacy In The Methodist Hospital At Sugar Field782 Words   |  4 Pagesbedside delivery pharmacy, in addition to responsibilities of most traditional pharmacies. The specialty side of this practice provided an opportunity to work with physicians, patients, and insurances. This is because specialty drugs tend to be expensive and are usually not covered by insurance. In order to get the patients the specific medication they need, we must work with the patient and physician to justify the need for the medication to insurances through submission of prior authorizations

Comparing Quantitative Research Studies PP Essay - 2498 Words

Comparing Quantitative Research Studies Paula Knight, RN NUR 4165 Introduction ï‚ž The purpose of this paper is to critique, contrast, and compare two research studies. â€Å"Assessment of Anxiety in Intensive Care Patients by Using the Faces Anxiety Scale† written by McKinley, Stein-Parbury, Chehelnabi, Lovas will be referred to as study one (2004). â€Å"Prevalence of Limited Health Literacy and Compensatory Strategies Used by Hospitalized Patients† written by Morris, Grant, Repp, MacLean, Littenburg will be referred to as study two (2011). Selection of Research Interest Area Choice of Articles ï‚ž Study one was selected on the basis of its objective †º To assess the validity of the Faces Anxiety Scale †º To accurately assess presence and†¦show more content†¦Ã¯â€šÅ¾ Study two †º Literature review followed the introduction †º Introduced results from eleven studies that informed readers of current trends in health literacy rates. †º Not critically analyzed, merely reported without critique †º Brings the reliability and validity of this study into question (â€Å"Quantitative Research Critique,† n.d.). Research Problem Statements/Hypotheses ï‚ž Study one †º Variables and how they were studied previously was clearly explained †º Dependent variable (state anxiety) was the presumed cause †º Independent variable (Faces Anxiety Scale) was the presumed effect (Trochin, 2006). †º Though unclear, I believe the hypothesis to be that the Faces Anxiety Scale is a better, more accurate predictor of the presence and severity of anxiety than previous methods. This will lead to more appropriate interventions being implemented and thereby reducing anxiety and promoting favorable outcomes. ï‚ž Study Two †º Dependent variable - level of health literacy †º Independent variables - poor health outcomes and high hospitalization rates †º Though not explicit, the hypothesis appears to me to be that the prevalence of limited health literacy in hospitalized patients is high and many patients rely on others to aid in their understanding of health information (Morris, Grant, Repp, MacLean, Littenburg, 2011). †º Low health literacy levels have a direct impact on poor health outcomes such as higher rates of hospitalization andShow MoreRelatedWeek 1 RSCH 8300860 Words   |  4 Pages1 Initial post Comparing Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches Researchers often times are faced with the decision of choosing a methodology of research; either Quantitative or Qualitative that they think best fits their study and objectives. This choice is guarded by the topic of study, the advantages and disadvantages, and the strengths and weaknesses of using either one or the other type of the methodologies. Researchers are sometimes using Quantitative and Qualitative research methodologiesRead MoreQuantitative Qualitative Research Essays1552 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will be comparing and contrasting Quantitative and Qualitative research methods, discussing the Epistemology, methodology, and the varying techniques each method uses. The essay will also take a brief look at the Ethical considerations of research using relevant psychology examples. Here, when considering the epistemology behind both research methods, we must see it in terms of our essential philosophy of ideas and concepts and the ways in which it can be shaped (Pidgeon amp; HenwoodRead MoreAnalysis Program Evaluation: A Study on the Impact of Learning922 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Program Evaluation What was the overall evaluation / research strategy or design? In the article that was written by Roland (2008), researchers are examining the impact of learning comprehension on large groups that have 170 or more students. This is because many educators believe that when the class becomes this size that the total amounts of retaining key concepts will decline. As a result, researchers are focusing on how to turn these kinds of classes into places that will allow theRead MoreA Research Article On Domestic Policies And The Legal Status Of Prostitution1383 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Article Critique The research article â€Å"Does Legalized Prostitution Increase Human Trafficking† was authored by junior professors of economics Seo-Young (the University of Marburg, 2015), Alex Dreher who, is also member of Development Economics and International Economics (University Heidelberg, 2015) and at last a professor of Environment and Development Eric Neumayer ( London School of Economics and Political Science, 2015). Importantly, all the authors have conducted several researchesRead MoreThe Epistemology Of The Decision Making Process Of Burglars1629 Words   |  7 Pagesthe research conducted by Emmeline Taylor about the decision making process of burglars. Essay begins with a concise definition of Criminology and a brief outline of ‘Rational Choice Theory’ which can be utilised to understand the decision making process of offenders and to provide a background for the notion of the rationality among burglars whilst acting criminal behaviour. Then it will continue with the explanation of the some key notions underpinning the theoretical assumptions of a study to beRead MoreThe Health Inequity Among The Indigenous Australian Patients With End Stage Kidney Disease1420 Words   |  6 Pagesqualitative study for addressing a problem they are interested in are most often confronted with enormous background knowledge they could use to make their research more successful. (Flick, 2007) The research question could be as follows: - Q) What according to Indigenous Australians are the causes for end stage kidney disease? How has their understanding on the same affected with their treatment regimen? Answer 2: The authors have used constructivist paradigm for this study. It focuses onRead MoreNavigating Communication With Families During Withdrawals Of Life-Intensive Care Case Study858 Words   |  4 Pagesof life†sustaining treatment in intensive care: A qualitative descriptive study in australia and new zealand. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(5-6), pp. 690-697. doi:10.1111/jocn.13585 The purpose of this article is to examine how nurses interact and communicate with families of patients that are withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. This is a qualitative study and the population is 21 intensive care unit nurses. The research question was: how do critical care nurses navigate communication with familiesRead MoreResearch Approach and Philosophy966 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Approach and Philosophy In discussing the research approach and philosophy one must consider the difference between method and methodology. Methodology refers to the approach utilized for the research and the method refers to the procedure used to carry out the research. Epistemology is the philosophical approach broadly adopted in this research as it amid to describe a phenomena within society or in an environment. Hence in in relation to this topic the phenomena is the trend towardsRead MoreExample 1 Good Research Proposal With1465 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Research Proposal Assignment  Title: Research Methodology Code: POPP 5006 Module Leader: Dr H. Oztel; Name: Anonymous Student Number: Pxxxxxxx Word Count: 1200 ( Excluding References ) Date: 17 April 20xx Programme: MSc IBM Table of Content Title 3 Keywords 3 Aims of Research 3 Background 3 Research Questions Read MoreImportance Of Vaccination On Children s Physical And Cognitive Development1697 Words   |  7 PagesTASK A: Locating articles Qualitative or Quantitative? Bloom, D, Canning, D, Shenoy, E 2012, The effect of vaccination on children s physical and cognitive development in the Philippines , Applied Economics, 44, 21, pp. 2777-2783, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 May 2015. 1. Identify the: (i) Title of the article ‘The effect of vaccination on children’s physical and cognitive development in the Phillipines’ (ii) Author(s) of the article (Note: surname will suffice) Bloom

Augustinian Theodicy Free Essays

The Augustinian Theodicy From Augustine in his booke ‘Confessions’ in 397AD. His argument was that God is good and created a world perfectly good and free from defection, evil suffering. Based on Genesis 1-3 ‘Either God cannot abolish evil, or he will not. We will write a custom essay sample on Augustinian Theodicy or any similar topic only for you Order Now If he cannot, he is not all-powerful, if he will not he is not all-good. ‘ Augustine ‘The believer must have, in a cool moment, a solution to the problem of evil. If he does not, his faith is not rational†¦ ‘ Richard Swinburne The perfect world – â€Å"God saw all that he had made and saw that it was good. Genesis – Evil is a privation of good as darkness is a privation of light. – Humanity has free will to choose good over evil. The Fall – Natural moral evil exist because things fell short of what God intended. – â€Å"The penalty of sin corrects the dishonour of sin† Augustine. – God shouldn’t intervene because evil is the price of freedom. Humans can’t overcome the inevitably of them sinning. – The fall marks the entrance of evil into the world. (The fall being Adam’s mistake). – Humanity has an inherent guilt as descendants of Adam Eve (original sin). We have to ‘put up with’ what we have indirectly done to the Universe. The punishment for the original sin is ‘seminally present’. Intervention – There is hope through Jesus for all. This is a God given opportunity for those with good intentions to find a selfish reason for doing good. – Augustine’s theodicy is soul-deciding. Meaning we have a choice of path metaphorically in life. In this way Augustine tries to prove the righteousness of God. By showing that God was right not to intervene when we chose to do wrong against God. And that giving us the choice of giving our life to christ is a act of generosity. However this contradicts the idea of him being all-loving as this theodicy tells us that God would let there be a way to bring evil suffering into the world. But if he did not mean this, it either contradicts the fact that he is all-knowing or all-powerful. Basically†¦ God made a perfect world (is this true? ), humans committed the original sin (God does not have control), evil took the world, God didn’t intervene (as a just punishment), but he gave us a way to desire to be perfect. Natural evil – came through the loss in nature after ‘the fall’ Moral evil – came through the new knowledge of good and evil which was discovered through disobedience. Punishments: Separation from God. Expulsion from the garden of Eden. They must now live in a fallen world. Pain in childbirth. Struggle with the earth to yield a harvest. Tension between man and woman. Physical death. Old testament – God sends the law prophets to try and restore the relationship between humans and God. But these methods fail, leading to Jesus. New Testament – God sends Jesus. In Augustine’s eyes this was the best God had to offer. How to cite Augustinian Theodicy, Papers

Population And Food Essay Example For Students

Population And Food Essay The United Nations projects that the global population, currently at 6 billion, will peak at about 10 billion in the next century and then stabilize or even decline.(popindex.Princeton.edu) A question immediately following the statement, can the Earth feed that many people? It is understood that even if food crops increase sufficiently, other renewable resources, including many fisheries and forests, are already under pressure. Our food production doubled from 1961 to 1994, but there are still people who go hungry. (popindex.Princeton.edu) This is because the human population has increased more rapidly than the food production. One of the well-known economists Thomas Robert Malthus claimed that there was an imbalance between population growth and our ability to produce food. In his famous work, An Essay on the Principle of Population, his principle of population was based on three main points: population cannot increase without the means of subsistence; population invariable increase s when the means of subsistence are available; and the superior power of population cannot be checked without producing misery or vice. When taking into account Malthuss principle of population it is evident that his fundamental analysis of population has been proven right. Since the earths resources are finite, when human population increases, it affects human beings. Will there be a problem if population keeps increasing? Rapid population growth and the technical development of society have led to difficulties for farmers worldwide to maintain this dual compatibility. In fact, today farmers face demands for a high productivity as well as environmentally sound, sustainable farming practices. Some economists believe human beings have the ability to produce enough food to feed all the people in the world, but according to Malthuss theory, this cannot happen. When the number of people keeps increasing while the amount of available food stays the same or even declines, human beings will face a scarcity of resources and overpopulation in the world. This is what happening right now. According to a well known biologist-Paul R. Ehrlich, who said The amount of food available restrains the size of any animal population, unless space, disease, predators, or some other factor sets lower limits(Ehrlich, 66). What he means is that food production is an element that control our population growth, this is because people cannot survive without food. When his idea is observed, it is evident that his idea is similar to Malthuss principle of population. Malthus stated, there is an imbalance between our ability to produce food and our ability to produce children.(Malthus 80) He said human beings are far better at making babies than are at finding food for survival. This problem, exists in all past and present societies, and must also exist in any future society as well. Therefore Malthus and Paul both agreed that the population could not increase without an increase of food. Without an excessive population, the worlds fertile land can produce enough food, or even excess food. There will be a sufficient amount of natural resources reserve of human beings. Therefore the faster the population increases; the more resources will be used. When population k eeps increasing, earth environment will be put into greater danger, the overexploitation of natural resources will continue and poverty will rise in most of the world countries. It is because more people consume more food and more resources to keep their needs. As a result, if there is not enough food, human population will decline. Malthus stated, the power of population to grow was indefinitely greater than the power of the earth to produce subsistence. (Malthus, 70) He also said that there was a difference between population growth and food supply. (msumusik.mursuky.edu/~felwell/http/malthus/index) The difference is that the population increases by a geometric progression but the amount of subsistence increases by arithmetic progression. When Malthus wrote his principle in 1798, he already predicted that in the future, the population would exceed the amount of food. This is because population grows according to the geometric progression (1, 2, 4, 8, 16..), and the means of subsistence grows according to the arithmetic progression (1, 2, 3, 4..) When our population exceeds the amount of food, people who cannot get food will experience hunger. As the human numbers increase, deterioration of water quality and destruction of animal and plant communities increase too. Water pollution has been partly caused by popu lation growth. Humans consumed, stored and diverted water and used it to carry away wastes without regard to health or ecological consequences. Therefore, overpopulation not just threatens food supply, but also water supply. As human numbers continue to rise, they create needs for land for purposes other than the production of food. Among these are urbanization and transportation. Each of these sectors claims cropland in almost every country. When the world population is examined, it is found that human population is increasing rapidly. Population growth has expanded greatly over the last 500 years, as larger numbers of people needed more food supplies and commodities from natural resources and agricultural activities, more and more people occupied bigger land spaces in big urban areas. Population growth in todays world, therefore, plays a vital role to changes in the land. It is also found that 90% of the world population growth is occurring in developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. In the United States, the natural increase is about 0.6 percent a year, while the total population growth is around 1%.(fao.org.docrep/meeting/) The reason why developing countries like Africa and Latin America have a higher population growth because the majority of their population still under a low standard of living. The quality of life reached by traditional farming systems is low compared with that of modem western agric ultural systems short life span, low level of education, and absence of social services, etc. They need more children to work on the farm and earn extra income. Children are also born for the security of their parent age, as life expectancy is high. According to the1998 report of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United, studies have shown that overall, developing countries experienced higher output growth over 1994 to1998 than the developed countries. The developing countries having experienced an increase in per capital food production represent 77% of the developing country population.(fao.org.docrep/meeting/X1729) However, some developing country regions like Africa South of Sahara, has suffered a decline in per capital terms over the 1994 to 1998 because of high rates of population growth. (fao.org/docrep/meeting/X1729e.htm#P874159) Even though Africa has increased food production, their population grows faster than their food production. The most productive and progres sive agricultural systems are those of the industrialized countries, with slow or no population growth. While in many developing countries, agricultural production is kept with the rapid grow of population. What happened in Africa proves Malthus theory is correct. He stated that there is a difference between the population growth and the food supply, population increases in geometric progression, and food supply increases in arithmetic progression. As a result, people in Africa starve because they have such a high population. Heart Of Darkness: Themes In Garden Of Evil And Heart Of Darkness EssayGlobal production of staple food declined slightly in 1998, with most of the decline being in cereals, although developing country cereal production increased moderately. Global end cereal stocks for the 1998/99 seasons are forecast to decline slightly. (fao.org/docrep/meeting/X1729e.htm#P874159)As Malthus said, the imbalance between population growth and food production has lead to misery and vice. Therefore a large numbers of countries continue to face food emergencies and, as a result, civil strife occurs. In Mexico, Zapatistas struggle to maintain their everyday life because of their civil strife. The elite groups take advantage of poor farmers. They export their food to other countries or sell it locally for an extremely high price. According to the newspaper in Mexico, Antonio was a 45-year-old man with two children and he was afraid solders would kill him if he went to harvest by himself. The elite groups take all the crops, leaving poor people with no money to buy medicine or other daily necessaries. The same situation is occurring in Chiapas right now. The wealthy people take the majority of food that grows in that area either for export or sell it in the black market. Even the food staying in Chiapas, it is not enough to feed the local people. This is because Chiapas have a large population but a small food supply. The people in Chiapas are starving, since they have nothing to lose, they try their best to fight the military, which creates tragedy. Malthus principle is right because all the countries with violent upheavals in the 1980s and 90s were the ones that showed the highest growth rate in the 60s. Every country where bloody internecine civil wars have occurred in recent years had a huge population preceding conflict.(npg.org/projects/malthus/geyer_story.)It is evident that Malthuss principle of population is right because he said, the superior power of population cannot be checked without producing misery or vice. When the gap between the human population and food production grows larger and larger, it creates big problems for human beings, such as food shortages, malnutrition, famine, civil strife, etc. When taking this into account, Malthuss principle of population is evident and his fundamental analysis of population is realistic and possible. In Chiapas and Mexico, civil strife has been brewing for years because the people in Chiapas are starving. High population growth, and the degradation of agricultural land results environmental scarcity and the unfair access to resources by the majority of citizens. Food shortages create lots of problems, such as civil strife, which is happening in Chiapas, and also Sierra Leone, Burundi, Kenya, etc. The majority of hungry people live in developing countries since they are considered less important than people in developed countries. Even though Malthus principle was printed about 201 years ago, generally, hi s principle is proven right today. Studies have shown that countries, which have huge populations, will experience misery. If human beings still ignore the problem of the population growth and the food supply, other problems will follow, such as civil strife and food shortages. Furthermore, rapid population growth may affect poverty by affecting the correlates of poverty: low wages, lack of human capital such as education and health, and lack of income earning assets such as land; income inequality and loss of economic growth. The only way to solve the problem between the population growth and the food supply is to reduce our population by using contraceptive tools. The other way is to distribute our food evenly to all people around the world. If food were distributed evenly to all people, famine will not happen. Now, it is time to face reality. It is time to change our world. It is time to solve our problem. Environmental Issues